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Definition and Types of Meristem Networks |
The growing point in plants is determined by the meristem tissue, but do you know the meaning of meristem tissue?. . Definition of meristem according to the definition of biologists say that the notion of meristem tissue is a tissue whose cells are embryonic which are capable of continuously dividing to increase the number of body cells.
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Meristems are only found in certain parts of the plant body. The kinds or types of meristems are divided into two types or types, namely types of meristem tissue based on their location and types of meristem tissue based on their origin. To find out the two types or types of meristem tissue can be seen below.
A. Types of Meristem Networks Based on Origin
The types of meristem tissue based on their origin are divided into 3 parts, namely Promeristem, Primary Meristem and Secondary Meristem, an explanation of the three parts is shown below.
1. Creditor
Promeristem is tissue that already exists when the plant is still in the embryonic phase or still at the embryonic level.
2. Meristem Primer
Primary meristem is a tissue found in mature plants whose cells are still dividing which are found at the tip of the root and the tip of the stem, causing the plant to grow tall.
3. Secondary Meristem
Secondary meristem is a network that is derived from the primary meristem which is the result of the development of the primary meristem, for example the cambium.
B. Various Meristem Networks Based on Location
The types of meristem tissue based on their location are divided into 3 namely epical meristems, intercalary meristems, lateral meristems, to see an explanation of the three parts can be seen as below.
1. Apical Meristem
The apical meristem is also called the tip meristem because it is located at the tip of the root and the tip of the stem. So the apical meristem is the meristem found at the tip of the root and the tip of the stem. The tip meristem located at the tip of the root allows it to make connections in the soil to obtain the water needed by the plant. As for the ends of the stems, new cells are produced which will form leaves.
Apical meristems are found in ferns, open seeds, and closed seed plants. Under special circumstances, apical meristems in flowering plants can form flower buds which will develop into flowers as a means of generative reproduction.
Meristem tissue at the tip of the stem produces new cells and grows leaf primordial which later grows into leaves. The point on the stem where the leaves develop is called the hump. The distance between the heads at the ends of the plant stems is very close, while the leaves develop quickly. This causes the leaves to grow above the tip of the meristem that forms it. The latter meristem tissue forms lateral buds, developing on the head. Lateral buds will grow and develop to form new branches. The root tip meristem tissue produces new cells and continues to extend the root.
Intercalary meristems are also called intermediate meristems because they are found between adult tissues, so, intercalary meristems are meristems that are between primary and adult meristems. This kind of meristem is found in plants whose stems are segmented, such as the grass family. The elongation of the segment occurs because the process of cell division forms parallel cells and young cells which make the segment more stretched and longer.
Lateral meristems are also called side meristems because they are parallel to the surface of the organ, so lateral meristems are meristems that cause growth in secondary meristems. The lateral meristems include the cambium and phellogen or cork cambium. Cambium is found in open seed plants and dicotyledonous plants. The activity of the cambium to form new cells causes the growth to enlarge in the stem.
Definition and Types of Meristematic Networks
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