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Indonesia is an archipelagic country that spreads from the city of Sabang in Aceh Province to the city of Merauke in Papua Province. In Indonesia, there are at least 300 ethnic groups or to be precise around 1,340 ethnic groups according to the 2010 BPS census with the Javanese as the largest ethnic group in Indonesia, accounting for about 41% of the total Indonesian people.
Besides there are tribes with large populations, in Indonesia there are also many small tribes, especially those living on the islands of Kalimantan and Papua, which only consist of hundreds of people.
The division of ethnic groups in Indonesia is not absolute and unclear due to the large number of population movements, cultural mixing and mutual influence.
Here are the 10 Largest Tribes in Indonesia that you must know about.
10. Bantenese tribe
The Banten tribe along with the Baduy Tribe are one of the Largest Tribes in Indonesia who are also Sundanese who inhabit the former territory of the Sultanate of Banten. According to the 2010 population census, Banten's ethnic population is about 2.1 percent of Indonesia's population or about 4,657,000 people. The people of Banten use the Banten language, a dialect of Sundanese that is closer to Sundanese Coarse.
9. Arab tribes
The Arab-Indonesian tribe is one of the largest tribes in Indonesia who has Arab blood and indigenous Indonesians. At the beginning of their arrival, they generally lived in Arab villages scattered in various cities in Indonesia. During the Dutch colonial era, they were considered a foreign eastern nation along with the Chinese-Indonesian and Indian-Indonesian tribes.
8. Malay tribe
The Malays are an ethnic group of Austronesian people primarily inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra, southern Thailand, the southern coast of Burma, Singapore, the island of coastal Borneo including Malaysia, Brunei, Sarawak and coastal Sabah which are collectively referred to as Alam Melayu. .
The name Melayu comes from the Malay Kingdom that once existed on the Batang Hari River, Jambi. In its development, the Malay Kingdom finally surrendered and became subordinate to the Srivijaya Kingdom. The use of Malay also extended beyond Sumatra, following the territory of the Sriwijaya empire which continued to grow to the islands of Java, Kalimantan and Peninsular Malaysia.
7. Bugis
The Bugis are a tribe belonging to the Deutero Malay tribes who entered the territory of Indonesia after the first wave of migration from mainland Asia, precisely Yunan. The word Bugis comes from the word To Ugi which means Bugis people. The naming "Ugi" refers to the first king of the Chinese Kingdom who is currently in Pammana, Wajo Regency, namely La Sattumpugi.
The Bugis are an ethnic group with a region of origin from South Sulawesi. The main characteristics of the Bugis are language and customs so that Malay and Minangkabau migrants who came to Sulawesi since the 15th century as administrative staff and traders in the Kingdom of Gowa and have been acculturated are also categorized as Bugis.
Based on the population census in 2000, the population of the Bugis was around six million. Today, many Bugis people migrate to various provinces in Indonesia and to foreign countries.
6. Minangkabau tribe
The Minangkabau tribe or abbreviated as Minang refers to a cultural and geographical entity characterized by the use of language, customs that adhere to a matrilineal kinship system and Islamic religious identity, Minangkabau covers the mainland of West Sumatra, half of the mainland of Riau, the northern part of Bengkulu and the western part of Jambi, the west coast of North Sumatra. , southwest of Aceh and Negri Sembilan in Malaysia.
In ordinary conversation, Minang people are often equated with Padang people, which refers to the capital city of West Sumatra Province, Padang City. However, they will usually refer to their group as Urang Awak which means the same as the Minang people themselves.
The Minangkabau tribe is very prominent in the field of commerce, professionals and intellectuals. They are heirs of the old traditions of the Malay and Srivijaya Kingdoms who like to trade. In addition, the Minang people have a special cuisine that is very popular in Indonesia, namely Padang cuisine.
5. Betawi tribe
The Betawi tribe is one of the largest ethnic groups in Indonesia with a population of about 6,807,968 people in the 2010 census. This tribe generally resides in Jakarta because they are descendants of residents who have lived in Batavia since the 17th century.
A number of parties argue that the Betawi Tribe came from the result of inter-ethnic and national marriages in the past. Biologically, those who claim to be Betawi people are descendants of mixed blood of various tribes and nations who were brought by the Dutch to Batavia. The so-called Betawi people or tribes are actually newcomers to Jakarta. This ethnic group was born from a combination of various ethnic groups who had previously lived in Jakarta such as Sundanese, Malay, Javanese, Arab, Bugis, Malay and so on.
4. The Madurese
The Madurese are also an ethnic group with a large population in Indonesia, amounting to around 7,179,356 people in the 2010 census. This tribe comes from Madura Island and its surroundings in the East Java Province.
In addition to the Javanese and Sundanese, there are also many Madurese who have transmigrated to other areas in Indonesia, especially on the islands of Central and West Kalimantan, Jakarta and its surroundings.
Madurese are basically people who have a high work ethic, are friendly, work hard and are tenacious. They like to migrate because the condition of the area is not good for agriculture.
3. Batak tribe
The Batak tribe is one of the largest ethnic groups in Indonesia . This name is a collective theme to identify several ethnic groups who live and come from the west coast and east coast in North Sumatra Province. The ethnic group categorized as Batak is Toba. Karo, Pakpak, Simalungun, Angkola and Mandailing. Batak is a group of tribes that inhabit most of North Sumatra
2. Sundanese
The Sundanese are an ethnic group originating from the western part of the island of Java, Indonesia. with the term Tatar Pasundan which covers the administrative areas of West Java Province, Banten Province, Jakarta, Lampung Province and the western region of Central Java Province (Banyumasan). The Sundanese are widely spread throughout Indonesia with the main areas being the provinces of West Java and Banten.
The identity that unites people is their language and culture. Sundanese people are known to be optimistic, friendly, polite, cheerful and unpretentious. The Portuguese noted in the Suma Oriental that the Sundanese were honest and brave. The Sundanese are also the first to establish diplomatic relations on an equal footing with other nations. Sang Hyang Surawisesa or King Samian was the first king in the archipelago to establish diplomatic relations with other nations in the 15th century with the Portuguese in Malacca. The results and diplomacy are outlined in the Sunda-Portugal Treaty Inscription.
1. Javanese
The Javanese are the largest ethnic group in Indonesia , originating from the provinces of Central Java, East Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta. In addition to these three provinces, the Javanese also live in almost all parts of Indonesia or at least 41.7% of Indonesia's population is Javanese. In addition, the Javanese are also widely found in New Caledonia and Suriname, South America. Currently the Javanese in Suriname are the largest tribe in this country known as the Javanese Suriname.
Most of the Javanese use Javanese in their daily speech. The Javanese language has rules for differences in vocabulary and intonation based on the relationship between the speaker and the interlocutor who is well known.
The Javanese are famous for their artistic culture which is heavily influenced by Hindu-Buddhist religion, such as wayang performances, which are mostly based on the Ramayana and Mahabharata. In addition to the influence of Islam, India and the western world, there is also the art of batik and kris which are two forms of expression of Javanese society. Gamelan music which can also be found on the island of Bali plays an important role in the cultural life and traditions of the Javanese.
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